Gaby Elsusu

Questions from practical

1. Compare the above tests with plate tectonics
2. The stack of paper had obvious layers. Assess whether rock has layers, and if so explain why.
3. State which tests simulated the following collisions.

1. a continental plate with another continental plate
2. an oceanic plate with another oceanic plate
3. an oceanic plate with a continental plate

1. Identify a place on Earth where each of these collision types occurs.

1. In test 1 one plate tectonic will rise on top of the other. In test 2 one plate tectonic will subduct under the other plate. In test 3 one plate tectonic will rise on top of another plate staying still.
2. Yes, rocks do have layers because when they are formed they are made up of little layers which combine together and form a rock.
3. a. Part (A) relates to test 1 which shows to plates colliding with each other. (spreading zone)

b. Part (B) relates to test 2 which is one plate going under the other (Subduction zone)

c. Part (C) relates to test 3 because it is one plate going over the other plate (Collison zone)

       4. An example of Test 1 is when two continental plates collide and that is how the Himalayas were formed. An example of test 2 is when one oceanic plate hits another oceanic plate and that is the islands Japan, Indonesia, the Philippines, the Caribbean and the Aleutians. An example of test 3 is an oceanic plate hits a continental plate and that is the Andes Mountains.

In this practical in investigated three tests relating to colliding plates. The first test involved two continental plates colliding with each other. The second test involved an oceanic plate colliding with another oceanic plate. The third test involved a oceanic plate colliding with a continental plate.

From this practical i have learnt that for each test that was performed a different result was given for each one. I also learnt that volcanoes, Earthquakes, mountains and other natural disasters are formed by plates colliding with each other and going ontop of each other, under one another, and just colliding and going up. 

QUESTIONS FROM PRACTICAL

1. Explain how this activity relates to the spreading at the mid-ocean ridges.

   It relates to spreading at mid-ocean ridges because when gravity pushes up the lava from the bottom it emerges out of the ridge and goes up and then flows down the sides.

2. Describe what you noticed about the height of the paper as it emerged from the gap compared to the paper further out

   The height was very tall but also not long but the paper further out was longer but not as high. This describes that when it emerges from the gap it gets to a certain height and then flows down the sides

3. Identify which of the strips you coloured would be the ‘oldest’ rock and which would be the ‘youngest’ rock

   The strip at the ends of the papers (the yellow strip) would be the oldest as they are the rocks that emerged first. The youngest rock would be the strips closest to the paper (the red strips) as they emerged out last.

4. Identify which of these strips would be the first to be ‘swallowed’ by an ocean trench

   The closest strip (red) would be first to get swallowed because it is the closest to the mid-ocean ridge and also the closest to the ocean trench. The youngest rock emerged last so it will be the closest to the edge where the trench is and will go back in first.

In this practical I investigated mid-ocean ridges and i also investigated the process and how ocean ridges form. I also investigated the part of it such as lava flow, ocean ridge, trenches, gravity, etc..

In this practical I learnt that gravity pushes up lava and this comes out of the mid-ocean ridge in the middle. This lava goes up to a certian height than flows down da sides of the ridge. Ocaen ridges are formed underwater so it is basically like an underwater volcano. I also learnt that rocks have layers because of the way they are formed. Also the rocks that emrge first out of the ocean ridge are older than the rocks that emerge last.

Questions from practical

1. Explain what causes convection currents

Temperature is basically what causes convection currents. This is proved because when heat comes in contact with the crystal it splits into particles due to the heat which then rises up to the cold surface. This is where it cools down and starts to sink to the base where it settles. Also if it is a cold convection the crystal starts at the top/surface and just drops straight to the bottom and settles.

2. Identify the direction of a ‘cold’ current

The direction of a cold current is downwards as the crystal starts at the top and cools down sinking to the bottom where it settles

Summary

During this pracical on convection currents I have investigated what happens in a hot convection and also what happens in a cold convection. I investigated the motion and what happens during these convection currents.

In this project I have basically learnt two main things and that is what happens in a hot convection and what happens in a cold convection. In a hot convection the crystal starts in the centre of a beaker at the bottom. the heat then forces it to split into many particles and rise up to the cold surface. Once it hits the surface it then cooles down and settles at the bottom of the beaker. In a cold convection the crystal is ontop of the water and just below the ice and what happens is that the ice makes it really cold so it drops straight to the bottom where it settles.  

1. Analyse why red sunsets can sometimes be more impressive when there is more dust or pollution in the air than usual. Because dust and pollution in the air act as little prisms that cause the light to bend. The different particles scatter and change the light by refracting it.

1. Describe what happens inside water droplets to cause a rainbow and explain how you can tell whether a rainbow is a primary or secondary. Small droplets of water behave like tiny prisms in the sky. Sometimes the colour will reach our eyes after it refractes off the prisms. You can also tell the difference between a primary and secondary rainbow by checking the order of the colours. A Primary rainbow is a band in the sky with red at the top and blue at the bottom. A Secondary rainbow is the reverse so the top band is blue and the bottom band is red.

Investigate the two types of sight defect- long-sightedness and short sightedness.

Find the following information:

1. What causes the defect Incorrect diet such as sugars and ceral is the fundamental defect in short sightedness. Long sightedness can be inherited (run in families) and a gene has also been identified that cause rare forms of hyperopia.               
2. The symptoms displayed symptoms displayed for short sightedness is that they can not see long distances and symptoms displayed for long sightedness is that they can not see close up objects (short distances).
3. Propose what sort of lens may be used to correct each vision. Concave lens are used to correct short sightedness and convex lens are used to correct long sightedness

Fibre optic technology offers many advantages when used in medical applications.

1. Describe how optical fibre may be used in medical applications It can be used in surgery to magnify the stomach, intestinal lining, and it locate images of tumors. It also can be used to produce an image of blood cells magnified 2000 times.

2. Identify the traditional medical techniques that optical fibres might replace optical fibres can replace operations, and having to guess something which can be wrong because you dont have an image of where it is.

3. Evaluate the benefits of fibre optic technology to medicine The benefits of fibre optic technology to medicine is that it is less painful as it just goes through your mouth compared to cutting your skin open.

The shape of the universe is often refered to as open, closed or flat. This means that the density of the universe was to great or the density was to low that gravity would be insufficent to keep it from expanding forever.

If the universe has a positive constant curvature then it is called a closed universe.

If there is no curvature it is called a flat surface.

If there is a negative curvature present then it is called an open universe

OTHER THEORIES OF THE UNIVERSE:

there are two main theories

(a) Someone made the universe    or

(b) the universe made itself

Many believe that the universe was created by God.

Many believe in the Big Bang theory

Some people also beleve that it was never created – it was always here.

1. 14 billion years old

2. within a fraction of a second after the Big Bang

3. because if there was no matter the world wouldnt be formed. matter was the building blocks of the universe

4. quarks began to group together in groups of three to form protons and neutrons.

5. a. 77% hydrogen    

b. because hydrogen combines to helium and also another form called deuterium.

6. a proton is in the hydrogens nucleas

7. because it was containing energy in the form of radiation.

8. as more particles began to combine to form new elements the fog started to clear

9. they were confused by a signal coming from the milky way galaxy. it showed no change during day or night or at different times of the year.

10. COBE stands for ( Cosmic Background Explorer)

11. swirling clouds of gas compacted to form the first galaxies. within these galaxies clouds of gas collapsed even more to give birth to stars.

12. stars condense to form young planets  which in turn attract more matter and increase in size to form planets.

13. open universe, closed universe, flat universe and Accelerating universe.

14. Closed universe is what i think will happen

(a) Hubble helped in space research by inventing a telescope. This telescope is named the hubble space telescope (HST). it is a 2.4 m long telescope and is low on earth. it is used to get detailed images and wavelenghts far out in space.

(b) It presents spectacular images of objects in space. it is like how a traveler sharing their best snap shots hubbles telescope presents spaces and the objects. these objects are clearly seen through this telescope.

(c) the Hubble telescope is on Earth. it is kept by the NASA and is used for research purposes.

(d) the hubble constant is the value for the expansion rate. hubbles constant now is approx. 160 km/sec per million-light-years.